[DOWNLOAD] "Acromioclavicular Joint Injury, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions" by Kenneth Kee ~ eBook PDF Kindle ePub Free
eBook details
- Title: Acromioclavicular Joint Injury, A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions
- Author : Kenneth Kee
- Release Date : January 07, 2020
- Genre: Medical,Books,Professional & Technical,
- Pages : * pages
- Size : 315 KB
Description
This book describes Acromioclavicular Joint Injury, Diagnosis and Treatment and Related Diseases
The acromioclavicular (AC) joint injury is an injury to the acromioclavicular (AC) joint with disruption of the AC ligaments with or without coracoclavicular (CC) ligament disruption.
Acromioclavicular Joint Injury is a frequent injury among athletes and young persons.
AC injuries are often seen after sporting events, car accidents, falls from a bicycle, and other sports-related activities (e.g., skiing).
AC joint injuries are responsible for more than 40% of all shoulder injuries and nearly 10% of all injuries in collision sports such as football, lacrosse, and ice hockey
Acromioclavicular injuries may be linked with a fractured clavicle, impingement syndromes, and more rarely neurovascular injuries.
The most frequent mechanism of injury is direct trauma to the lateral shoulder or acromion process with the arm in adduction.
Falling on an outstretched hand or elbow may also cause AC joint separation.
A direct blow to the shoulder may cause AC joint injury, often sustained while falling onto the shoulder
There is pain normally over AC joint which can also be extended to the trapezius
Patients with an AC joint injury normally manifest with shoulder pain, normally superior-anterior in location, and will depict a mechanism of injury indicating this type of injury.
They may depict pain spreading to the neck or shoulder which is often worse with movement or when they attempt to sleep on the affected shoulder.
On physical examination, the doctor may notice swelling, bruising, or a deformity of the AC joint depending on the degree of injury.
The patient will feel tenderness at that location.
The doctor can evaluate the stability of the AC joint with anterior-posterior mobility (acromioclavicular ligament) and vertical mobility (coracoclavicular ligaments).
Standard x-rays are sufficient to make a diagnosis of acromioclavicular joint injury and should be used to assess for other causes of traumatic shoulder pain.
AC joint injuries may not always be evident on normal radiographic views (anteroposterior AP, lateral).
Additional X-rays views are:
1. The zanca view, an AP view done by tilting the beam 10 to 15 degrees cranial, and
2. Bilateral AP views to compare displacement to the contra-lateral shoulder.
Weighted stress views may be done to assess the displacement of the joint when the diagnosis is not certain on standard AP views.
It is important to appraise the entire clavicle for possible fracture or sterno-clavicular injury as well as do a full neurovascular examination on the affected extremity.
Non-operative treatment comprises brief sling, immobilization, rest, ice, physical therapy
Indications for non-operative treatment are:
1. Type I and II
2. Type III in most persons
Good results are obtained when the clavicle is displaced < 2cm
Surgical treatment is needed for:
1. Acute type IV, V or VI injuries
Recent studies indicate no disparity in functional outcomes between operative and non-operative interventions for high grade injuries
2. Acute type III injuries in laborers, elite athletes, patients with cosmetic worries
3. Chronic type III injuries that failed non-operative treatment
Acute injuries were treated with ORIF (open reduction internal fixation) and chronic injuries were treated with CC ligament reconstruction
New studies have shown no disparity in outcomes in types III injuries treated surgically after 6 weeks non-operative treatment versus immediate surgery
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Acromioclavicular Joint Injury
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Floating Shoulder
Chapter 8 Distal Clavicle Osteolysis
Epilogue